Check Character Sets and collations in MariaDB / MySQL for Database / server / table / column level

Check character set and collation at the database level.

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA;

OR

SELECT schema_name,Default_Character_Set_name,default_collation_name FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA;

schema_name       |Default_Character_Set_name|default_collation_name|
------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+
information_schema|utf8mb3                   |utf8mb3_general_ci    |
classicmodels     |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |
hello             |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |
hello1            |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |
mysql             |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |
new               |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |
performance_schema|utf8mb3                   |utf8mb3_general_ci    |
sys               |utf8mb3                   |utf8mb3_general_ci    |
test              |latin1                    |latin1_swedish_ci     |

Check Server level character set and collations:

show variables like 'character_set_server' 
Variable_name       |Value |
--------------------+------+
character_set_server|latin1|


show variables like 'collation_server' 
Variable_name   |Value            |
----------------+-----------------+
collation_server|latin1_swedish_ci|

Check character set and collation at table level:

select table_collation,table_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables

Check collation at column level:

SELECT table_name,CHARACTER_SET_NAME,COLLATION_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS