Add a column in a table at a specific position in MySQL / MariaDB

ALTER command adds a column in the table in MySQL/MariaDB.

Following is the syntax of adding the Column in MySQL/ MariaDB:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column column_type 
[ FIRST | AFTER column_name ];

If you do not use the first and after clause, it will place the new column in the last position.

Example: Adding State column after District column in City table.

desc city;
Field      |Type    |Null|Key|Default|Extra         |
-----------+--------+----+---+-------+--------------+
ID         |int     |NO  |PRI|       |auto_increment|
Name       |char(35)|NO  |   |       |              |
CountryCode|char(3) |NO  |MUL|       |              |
District   |char(20)|NO  |   |       |              |
Population |int     |NO  |   |0      |              |

ALTER TABLE city ADD COLUMN State varchar(20) AFTER District;

desc city;
Field      |Type       |Null|Key|Default|Extra         |
-----------+-----------+----+---+-------+--------------+
ID         |int        |NO  |PRI|       |auto_increment|
Name       |char(35)   |NO  |   |       |              |
CountryCode|char(3)    |NO  |MUL|       |              |
District   |char(20)   |NO  |   |       |              |
State      |varchar(20)|YES |   |       |              |
Population |int        |NO  |   |0      |              |